YB/T 4232-2010球式热风炉用耐火球/Refractory pellet for hot blast stove
球式热风炉用耐火球
1 范围
本标准规定了球式热风炉用耐火球的术语和定义、分类及规格、技术要求、试验方法、质量评定程序、包装、标志、运输,储存及质量证明书。
本标准适用于球式热风炉用耐火球，
3规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 2997 致密定形耐火制品 体积密度、显气孔率和真气孔率试验方法
GB/T 4984含锆耐火材料化学分析方法
GB/T 5070含铬耐火材料化学分析方法
GB/T 5072耐火材料 常温附压强度试验方法
GB/T 5073耐火材料 压蠕变试验方法
GB/T 6900铝硅系耐火材料化学分析方法
GB/T 10326 定形耐火制品尺寸,外观及断面的检查方法
GB/T 16546定形耐火制品包装、标志、运输和储存
GB/T 18930耐火材料术语
GB/T 21114 耐火材料 X射线荧光光谱化学分析-熔铸玻璃片法
YB/T 370 耐火制品荷重软化温度试验方法(非示差 -升温法)
YB/T 376.3 耐火制品 抗热震性试验方法 第3部分:水急冷-裂纹判定法
3术语和定义
GB/T 18930 确定的术语和定义及下列术语适用于本标准。
球式热风炉用耐火球 refractory pellet for hot blast stove
是指以耐火骨料、耐火粉料和结合剂经混合、成型、烧成的实心球体,用作球式热风炉的蓄热体。
4分类及规格
4.1 球式热风炉用耐火球按化学成分分为高铝球,锆刚玉球、铬刚玉球,铝锆铬复合球和低蠕变球五个种类。其中高铝球的牌号为 RQA-55、RQA-65、RQA-75、RQA-80,锆刚玉球的牌号为 RQAZ-82,铬刚玉球的牌号为 RQAC-88,铝锆铬复合球的牌号为 RQAZC-80,低蠕变球的牌号为RQAD-70
4.2 牌号中 R,Q、D分别为“热”、“球”、“低”汉语拼音首字母,A、Z、C分别为氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化铬英文的字首,其后的数字为 Al2O3,ZrO2,、Cr2O3,含量及相应含量的合量。
4.3 球式热风炉用耐火球按直径大小分为ф40mm、ф50mm、ф60mm,ф80mm 四种规格。也可按用户的要求生产。
5 技术要求
5.1 高铝质耐火球的理化指标应符合表1的规定。
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表1高铝质耐火球的理化指标 |
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|
项目 |
指 标 |
|||
|
RQA-55 |
RQA-65 |
RQA-75 |
RQA-80 |
|
|
w(Al2O3)/% 不小于 |
55 |
65 |
75 |
80 |
|
w(Fe2O3)/% 不大于 |
– |
– |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
体积密度/(g/cm3) 不小于 |
2.10 |
2.30 |
2.50 |
2.70 |
|
显气孔率/% 不大于 |
28 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
|
常温耐压值/kN 不小于 |
8 |
10 |
15 |
25 |
|
(100N/球) 荷重软化开始温度/℃ 不低于 |
1400 |
1450 |
1480 |
1530 |
|
热震稳定性(1100℃，水冷)/次 不低于 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
5.2 锆刚玉球、铬刚玉球、铝锆铬复合球和低蠕变球的理化指标应符合表2的规定。
|
表2锆刚玉球、铬刚玉球、铝锆铬复合球和低蠕变球的理化指标 |
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|
项目 |
指标 |
|||
|
RQAZ-82 |
RQAC-88 |
RQAZC-80 |
RQAD-70 |
|
|
w(Al2O3)/% 不小于 |
78 |
86 |
75 |
70 |
|
w(Cr2O3)/% 不小于 |
– |
2 |
0.5 |
– |
|
w(ZrO2)/% 不小于 |
4.5 |
– |
4.5 |
– |
|
w(Fe2O3)/% 不大于 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
|
体积密度/(g/cm3) 不小于 |
3.05 |
2.90 |
2.75 |
2.60 |
|
显气孔率/% 不大于 |
18 |
18 |
22 |
24 |
|
常温耐压值/kN 不小于 |
35 |
35 |
25 |
15 |
|
荷重软化开始温度/℃ |
1550 |
1550 |
1550 |
1550 |
|
热震稳定性(1100℃，水冷)/次 不低于 |
8 |
7 |
10 |
15 |
|
蠕变率/% (100N/球,1400℃,50h) 不大于 |
– |
– |
– |
1.0 |
5.3 耐火球的尺寸允许偏差及外观应符合表3的规定。
|
表3耐火球的尺寸允许偏差及外观 |
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|
项目 |
ф40 |
ф50 |
ф60 |
ф80 |
|||||
|
一级品 |
二级品 |
一级品 |
二级品 |
一级品 |
二级品 |
一级品 |
二级品 |
||
|
直径偏差/mm |
±1.0 |
±1.5 |
±1.5 |
±2.0 |
±1.5 |
±2.0 |
±2.0 |
±3.0 |
|
|
熔洞直径/mm 不大于 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
裂纹 |
宽度≤0.5mm 不大于 |
10 |
15 |
12 |
18 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
25 |
|
长度 |
宽度>0.5mm |
不允许 |
|||||||
|
注:其他规格耐火球的尺寸允许偏差由供需双方协商决定。 |
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6 试验方法
6.1 化学分析按 GB/T 21114 进行或铝硅系按 GB/T 6900 进行、铝锆系按 GB/T 4984 进行、铝铬系按GB/T 5070 进行。
6.2 体积密度、显气孔率的检验按 GB/T 2997 进行。
6.3 常温耐压值的检验参照 GB/T 5072 进行。测定时取整球沿成型方向加压,加荷速率:(1.0±0.1)kN/s,测定结果以 kN 为单位。
6.4 荷重软化开始温度的检验参照 YB/T 370 进行。试样的制备及试验条件如下:
6.4.1 采用磨样机在试样成型方向的上、下两个受压球面的顶点处磨出两个互相平行、直径为 15mm~35mm 的平面为测量时的上、下底面。
6.4.2 上、下底面平整度和平行度均不应大于 0.10mm,试样不应有裂纹等缺陷。
6.4.3 施加在试样上的压应力为 100N/球。
6.5 热震稳定性的检验参照 YB/T 376,3 进行,裂纹宽度不大于 0.5mm 时,试验继续进行。当出现下列情况之一时,终止试验:
–裂纹宽度大于 1.5mmmn 时;
–裂纹宽度小于等于 1.5mm 且大于 1mm,长度大于圆周长 30%时;
–裂纹宽度小于等于 1mm 且大于 0.5mm,长度大于圆周长 50%。
6.6 耐火球压蠕变的检验按 GB/T 5073 进行。试样的制备、试验条件同6.4。但按 6.4制备的试样,应按 GB/T 5073 的规定制出中心孔。如果试样高度不能满足要求,允许使用刚玉垫片。
6.7 耐火球尺寸、外观的检査按 GB/T 10326 进行。
7 质量评定程序
7.1 组批
产品按牌号组批,每批不超过 100t.
7.2 抽样及合格判定规则
7.2.1 抽样方案按表4规定进行。采用随机抽样法抽样或供需双方协商确定抽样方法。从外观检验合格的样本中抽取其它检验项目的测试样本。
|
表 4 抽样方案 |
|
|
检验项目 |
试样量/个 |
|
尺寸、外观检验 |
50 |
|
化学分析 |
1 |
|
常温耐压值 |
5 |
|
显气孔率 |
3 |
|
体积密度 |
3 |
|
荷重软化开始温度 |
1 |
|
压蠕变 |
1 |
|
热震稳定性 |
3 |
7.2.2 体积密度、常温耐压值,荷重软化开始温度或热震稳定性为验收检验项目。检验结果应符合表1、表2的规定。
7.2.3 尺寸、外观检验的所有测试样本中有 90%及以上符合技术要求的规定,整批耐火球为尺寸、外观合格批;否则为不合格批,并且不再进行其它项目的检验。
7.2.4 检验结果如有不合格项时,应重新取双倍试样对该不合格项进行复检。复检结果的平均值应符合表1、表2的规定,且单值允许偏差符合表5的规定时为合格批,否则,为不合格批。
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表5复检时验收项目的允许偏差 |
|
|
项目 |
允许偏差 |
|
体积密度 |
-0.05g/cm3 |
|
常温耐压值 |
-10% |
|
荷重软化开始温度 |
-20℃ |
|
热震稳定性 |
0 |
8包装、标志、运输、储存及质量证明书
耐火球的包装、标志、运输和储存按 GB/T 16546 进行,
耐火球发出时应附有质量监督部门签发的质量证明书,载明供方名称、需方名称、合同号、发货日期、标准编号、产品名称、牌号、批号、尺寸、外观及理化指标等内容。
Refractory pellet for hot blast stove
1 Range
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and specifications, technical requirements, test methods, quality assessment procedures, packaging, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificates of refractory balls for spherical hot blast stoves.
This standard is applicable to fireballs for ball type hot blast stoves.
3 Normative reference documents
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, the date-only version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendment orders) applies to this document.
Test method for bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of GB/T 2997 compact shaped refractory products
Methods for chemical analysis of GB/T 4984 zirconium containing refractories
GB/T 5070 chromium containing refractory chemical analysis method
GB/T 5072 refractories – Test method for compressive strength at room temperature
GB/T 5073 refractories compressive creep test method
GB/T 6900 aluminum-silicon refractory chemical analysis method
GB/T 10326 shaped refractory products size, appearance and section inspection method
GB/T 16546 shaped refractory products packaging, marking, transportation and storage
GB/T 18930 refractory terminology
GB/T 21114 Refractories X-ray fluorescence spectrochemical analysis – fusion-cast glass sheet method
Test method for Load softening temperature of YB/T 370 refractory products (non-differential warming method)
YB/T 376.3 Test methods for thermal shock resistance of refractory products – Part 3: water quench – crack determination method
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 18930 and the following terms apply to this standard.
Refractory pellet for hot blast stove
Refractory pellet for hot blast stove refers to solid spheres which are mixed, formed and fired with refractory aggregate, refractory powder and binder and are used as heat storage body of ball hot blast stove.
4 Classification and specifications
4.1 Refractory balls for ball hot blast stoves are divided into five types according to chemical composition: high aluminum ball, zirconium corundum ball, chromium corundum ball, aluminum zirconium chromium composite ball and low creep ball. Among them, the brand of high aluminum ball is RQA-55, RQA-65, RQA-75, RQA-80, the brand of zirconium corundum ball is RQAZ-82, the brand of chromium corundum ball is RQAC-88, the brand of aluminum zirconium chromium composite ball is RQAZC-80, and the brand of low creep ball is RQAD-70
4.2 In the grade, R,Q and D are respectively “hot”, “ball” and “low” Chinese Pinyin initial letters,A,Z and C are respectively the English prefix of alumina, zirconia and chromium oxide, and the following numbers are Al2O3,ZrO2, Cr2O3, content and corresponding content of the combined amount.
4.3 Ball type hot blast stove refractory ball according to the diameter size divided into Phi 40mm, Phi 50mm, Phi 60mm, Phi 80mm four specifications. Can also be produced according to user requirements.
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 The physical and chemical indexes of high aluminum refractory balls shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
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Table 1. Physical and chemical indexes of high alumina refractory balls |
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Item |
Index |
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|
RQA-55 |
RQA-65 |
RQA-75 |
RQA-80 |
|
|
w(Al2O3)/% No less than |
55 |
65 |
75 |
80 |
|
w(Fe2O3)/% Not more than |
– |
– |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
Bulk density/(g/cm3) No less than |
2.10 |
2.30 |
2.50 |
2.70 |
|
Apparent porosity/% Not more than |
28 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
|
Normal temperature withstand pressure value/kN No less than |
8 |
10 |
15 |
25 |
|
(100N/ ball) Load softening starting temperature/℃ No less than |
1400 |
1450 |
1480 |
1530 |
|
Thermal shock stability(1100℃, water-cooled)/ time No less than |
15 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
5.2 The physical and chemical indexes of zirconium corundum ball, chromium corundum ball, aluminum-zirconium chromium composite ball and low creep ball shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.
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Table 2 Physical and chemical indexes of zirconium corundum ball, chromium corundum ball, aluminum-zirconium chromium composite ball and low creep ball |
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|
Item |
Index |
|||
|
RQAZ-82 |
RQAC-88 |
RQAZC-80 |
RQAD-70 |
|
|
w(Al2O3)/% No less than |
78 |
86 |
75 |
70 |
|
w(Cr2O3)/% No less than |
– |
2 |
0.5 |
– |
|
w(ZrO2)/% No less than |
4.5 |
– |
4.5 |
– |
|
w(Fe2O3)/% Not more than |
0.6 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
|
Bulk density/(g/cm3) No less than |
3.05 |
2.90 |
2.75 |
2.60 |
|
Apparent porosity/% Not more than |
18 |
18 |
22 |
24 |
|
Normal temperature withstand pressure value/kN No less than |
35 |
35 |
25 |
15 |
|
Load softening starting temperature/℃ |
1550 |
1550 |
1550 |
1550 |
|
Thermal shock stability(1100℃, water-cooled)/ time No less than |
8 |
7 |
10 |
15 |
|
Creep rate/% (100N/ ball,1400℃,50h) Not more than |
– |
– |
– |
1.0 |
5.3 The permissible size deviation and appearance of the refractory ball shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.
|
Table 3 Allowable size deviation and appearance of refractory ball |
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|
Item |
ф40 |
ф50 |
ф60 |
ф80 |
|||||
|
Firsts |
Second |
Firsts |
Second |
Firsts |
Second |
Firsts |
Second |
||
|
Diameter deviation/mm |
±1.0 |
±1.5 |
±1.5 |
±2.0 |
±1.5 |
±2.0 |
±2.0 |
±3.0 |
|
|
Hole diameter/mm Not more than |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
Crack |
Breadth≤0.5mm Not more than |
10 |
15 |
12 |
18 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
25 |
|
Length |
Breadth>0.5mm |
Not allow |
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|
Note: The permissible deviation of the size of other specifications refractory balls shall be determined by the negotiation between the supply and demand parties. |
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6 Test methods
6.1 Chemical analysis is performed in GB/T 21114 or in GB/T 6900 for aluminum-silicon, GB/T 4984 for aluminum-zirconium and GB/T 5070 for aluminum-chromium.
6.2 The bulk density and apparent porosity are tested according to GB/T 2997.
6.3 The test of the withstand pressure value at room temperature shall be carried out according to GB/T 5072. When measuring, the whole ball is pressed along the forming direction and the loading rate is (1.0±0.1).
kN/s, the measurement result is kN.
6.4 The test of the load softening starting temperature is carried out according to YB/T 370. The preparation and test conditions of the sample are as follows：
6.4.1 A grinding machine is used to grind two parallel planes with a diameter of 15mm~35mm at the vertices of the two compression spheres in the forming direction of the sample as the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the measurement.
6.4.2 The flatness and parallelism of the upper and lower bottom surfaces shall not be greater than 0.10mm, and the sample shall not have cracks and other defects.
6.4.3 The compressive stress applied to the specimen is 100N/ ball.
6.5 The test of thermal shock stability shall be carried out according to YB/T 376,3, and the test shall continue when the crack width is less than 0.5mm. The test is terminated when one of the following occurs:
— When the crack width is greater than 1.5mmmn;
— When the crack width is less than or equal to 1.5mm and greater than 1mm, and the length is greater than 30% of the circumference;
— The crack width is less than or equal to 1mm and greater than 0.5mm, and the length is greater than 50% of the circumference.
6.6 The test of pressure creep of refractory ball shall be carried out according to GB/T 5073. The sample preparation and test conditions are the same as 6.4. However, for the sample prepared in accordance with 6.4, the center hole shall be made in accordance with GB/T 5073. If the sample height does not meet the requirements, the use of corundum gaskets is allowed.
6.7 The size and appearance of the refractory ball shall be checked according to GB/T 10326.
7 Quality assessment procedures
7.1 Batch
Products according to the brand batch, each batch does not exceed 100t.
7.2 Rules for sampling and conformity determination
7.2.1 Sampling plan shall be carried out according to Table 4. Random sampling method shall be adopted or the sampling method shall be determined through negotiation between the supply and demand parties. Take test samples of other inspection items from the samples that pass the appearance inspection.
|
Table 4 Sampling scheme |
|
|
Inspection item |
Sample size/piece |
|
Size and appearance inspection |
50 |
|
Chemical analysis |
1 |
|
Normal temperature withstand pressure value |
5 |
|
Apparent porosity |
3 |
|
Bulk density |
3 |
|
Load softening starting temperature |
1 |
|
Compressive creep |
1 |
|
Thermal shock stability |
3 |
7.2.2 Bulk density, normal temperature withstand pressure value, load softening starting temperature or thermal shock stability are acceptance inspection items. The test results shall comply with the provisions of Table 1 and Table 2.
7.2.3 90% or more of all test samples of size and appearance inspection meet the technical requirements, and the whole batch of refractory balls is a qualified batch of size and appearance; Otherwise, it will be an unqualified batch and will not be inspected for other items.
7.2.4 If there are any unqualified items in the test results, double samples shall be taken to retest the unqualified items. The average value of the retest results should comply with the provisions of Table 1 and Table 2, and if the allowable deviation of a single value meets the provisions of Table 5, it is a qualified batch; otherwise, it is a substandard batch.
|
Table 5 Allowable deviations of acceptance items during reinspection |
|
|
Item |
Allowable deviation |
|
Bulk density |
-0.05g/cm3 |
|
Normal temperature withstand pressure value |
-10% |
|
Load softening starting temperature |
-20℃ |
|
Thermal shock stability |
0 |
8 Packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate
The packing, marking, transportation and storage of fireballs shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 16546.
A quality certificate issued by the quality supervision department shall be attached when the refractory balls are issued, indicating the name of the supplier, the name of the demander, the contract number, the date of delivery, the standard number, the name of the product, the brand number, the batch number, the size, the appearance and the physical and chemical index.
