有关耐火材料在工业热工炉窑中的应用

任何产品生产的目的都是为了应用。耐火材料也不例外，耐火材料在工业热工炉窑中的应用通常称使用。一般来说，质量好的耐火材料在炉窑上使用的效果好，寿命长。但使用条件不能忽视，如同一种耐火材料在同一热工设备上使用，由于使用条件改变，往往使用结果差别很大。

  因此，耐火材料科技工作者，在不断地学习和研究各种炉窑热工设备的使用条件基础上，特别是在冶金等使用部门创造新的高温工艺过程时，研究使用条件有特别大的意义。

  耐火材料使用的科学技术问题有：

  （1）制定经营管理规则（温度，时间，气体介质成分，机械应力，加热过程各种强化剂的作用等）；

  （2）在经营管理规则的影响下，耐火材料发生的物理化学和化学矿物组成变化过程研究；

  （3）保护耐火材料采取的措施；

  （4）选择和开发新的耐火材料，其性质应该最好的适合于使用条件。

  耐火材料作为高温炉窑及热工设备的结构材料及元部件材料，广泛用于钢铁，有色金属，建材，石油化工，机械工业等部门。耐火材料产品单位消耗在很大程度上与经营管理状况有关系。它在国民经济中有技术经济效率，国民经济吨钢产量所消耗的耐火材料公斤数称耐火材料综合消耗指标，它是衡量一个国家的工业水平，尤其是耐火材料质量的重要指标。

  靠更换耐火材料内衬及炉窑检修间歇时间缩短，先进的管理以及靠耐火材料的适用，更集约的管理冶金过程。例如，平炉顶用碱性耐火材料代替硅砖（1952~1955年），引起熔炼钢增加15%。

Application of Refractory Materials in Industrial Thermal Furnaces

  The ultimate purpose of any product is its application, and refractory materials are no exception. The use of refractory materials in industrial thermal furnaces is typically referred to as “service.” Generally, high-quality refractory materials exhibit superior performance and longer service life in furnaces. However, operating conditions cannot be overlooked. For instance, even the same refractory material used in the same thermal equipment may yield vastly different results if operating conditions change.

  Therefore, for researchers and engineers in refractory materials, continuous study and analysis of the operating conditions of various thermal furnaces are essential. This is particularly significant when new high-temperature processes are developed in industries such as metallurgy.  

  Key scientific and technical challenges in the application of refractory materials include:  

  Establishing operational management rules (temperature, time, gas composition, mechanical stress, and effects of process intensifiers during heating).  

  Studying physicochemical and mineralogical changes** in refractory materials under operational conditions.  

  Implementing protective measures to safeguard refractory materials.  

  Selecting and developing new refractory materials with properties optimized for specific operating conditions.  

  As structural and component materials for high-temperature furnaces and thermal equipment, refractory materials are widely used in industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, construction materials, petrochemicals, and machinery. The unit consumption of refractory products is closely tied to operational management practices. In the national economy, their technical and economic efficiency is reflected in metrics such as the “comprehensive refractory consumption index”—the kilograms of refractory material consumed per ton of steel produced. This index serves as a critical indicator of a nation’s industrial advancement and the quality of its refractory materials.

  Advances in furnace management—such as shortening relining intervals, adopting optimized refractory materials, and implementing more efficient metallurgical processes—have significantly enhanced productivity. For example, replacing silica bricks with basic refractory materials in open-hearth furnace roofs (1952–1955) increased steel smelting output by 15%.